PENGARUH VARIASI SUHU PENGERINGAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKO KIMIA TEH DAUN SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata)

Abstract

The aim of this research is to find out the influence of drying temperature variation on physico chemical characteristic of Andrographis paniculata leaf tea which include moisture content, ash content, antioxidant activity, extract level in water and organoleptic (color, flavor And aroma) on the leaves of sambiloto tea (Andrographis paniculata). This study was designed using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 5 level treatments and 4 replications. The result of the observation was analyzed by using analysis of variance at 5% significance level. The treatment consisted of one factor that influence the variation of drying temperature 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70°C with 50 minutes drying time. The results showed that the drying temperature of leaf bitter tea had significant effect moisture on content, ash content, antioxidant activity, water extract level, hedonic organoleptic parameters and scores (color, flavor and aroma). The results of this study indicate that drying with temperature 60°C produces leaf sambiloto tea with the best quality of moisture content (8.16%), ash contant (8.04%), antioxidant activity (78.29%), water soluble extract (41,93%) as well as organoleptic aroma (neutral and somewhat typical bitter leaf smell), taste (dislike and very bitter) and color (neutral and brownish yellow).
Keywords: drying, sambiloto, tea.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi suhu pengeringan terhadap sifat fisiko kimia teh daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) yang meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, aktivitas antioksidan, kadar ekstrak dalam air, dan organoleptik (warna, rasa dan aroma) pada teh daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata). Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 taraf perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis keragaman (Analysis of Variance) pada taraf nyata 5%. Perlakuan terdiri dari satu faktor yaitu variasi suhu pengeringan 50, 55, 60, 65 dan 70°C dengan lama pengeringan yaitu 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pengeringan dalam pembuatan teh daun sambiloto memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, aktivitas antioksidan, kadar ekstrak dalam air, parameter organoleptik hedonik dan skoring (warna, rasa dan aroma). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeringan dengan suhu 60°C menghasilkan teh daun sambiloto dengan mutu terbaik yaitu kadar air (8,16%), kadar abu (8,04%), aktivitas antioksidan (78,29%), kadar ekstrak larut dalam air (41,93%) serta organoleptik aroma (netral dan aroma daun sambiloto agak khas), rasa (tidak suka dan sangat pahit) dan warna (netral dan kuning kecoklatan).
Kata kunci: pengeringan, sambiloto, teh.